What does "sandboxing" refer to in security contexts?

Sandboxing refers to a method of isolating and observing suspicious files or programs in a controlled environment, separate from the main system. This technique allows security professionals to run potentially harmful software without risk to the operational environment. By doing so, it becomes possible to analyze the behavior of the suspicious file or program, determine whether it acts maliciously, and identify any potential threats without compromising the integrity of the entire system.

This controlled environment mimics the main system's conditions but prevents any harmful implications on it, making it invaluable for testing new applications, analyzing malware, or safely executing untrusted code. This isolation is critical in the field of cybersecurity, as it helps to mitigate risks while providing insights into the nature of potential threats.

The other options do not accurately describe sandboxing; they focus on different aspects of cybersecurity, such as encryption, email scanning, or software updates, which are distinct from the primary objective of sandboxing.